Navigating the Transition: Comparing Outdoor and Indoor Basketball Performance

Basketball is a beloved sport played both outdoors and indoors, with each environment offering unique challenges and experiences. As players transition from one setting to another, they often wonder whether the outdoor basketballs they’ve grown accustomed to can hold their own indoors. In this exploration of indoor and outdoor basketball performance, we’ll dive into the differences between the two, examining factors such as air pressure, texture, and grip, and ultimately uncover the answer to the question: Do outdoor basketballs work indoors? Join us as we navigate the transition and uncover the truth behind this intriguing topic.

The Importance of Ball Type in Basketball

The Influence of Outdoor and Indoor Basketballs on Gameplay

When it comes to basketball, the type of ball used can have a significant impact on gameplay. Outdoor and indoor basketballs differ in terms of their composition, size, and weight, which can affect the way they are handled by players and the trajectory of the ball during gameplay.

One of the main differences between outdoor and indoor basketballs is their composition. Outdoor basketballs are typically made of leather, while indoor basketballs are made of synthetic materials. Leather basketballs are more durable and can withstand the outdoor elements, such as rain and snow, while synthetic basketballs are lighter and more responsive, making them better suited for indoor play.

Another key difference between the two types of basketballs is their size and weight. Outdoor basketballs are usually smaller and lighter than indoor basketballs, which makes them easier to handle and allows for greater control during gameplay. Indoor basketballs, on the other hand, are larger and heavier, which can make them more difficult to handle, but also allows for greater accuracy and power behind shots.

In addition to these physical differences, outdoor and indoor basketballs also differ in terms of their performance characteristics. Outdoor basketballs are designed to be more resistant to wear and tear, making them ideal for rough outdoor play. Indoor basketballs, on the other hand, are designed to have a smoother surface and a more consistent bounce, which makes them better suited for indoor play on a controlled surface.

Overall, the type of basketball used can have a significant impact on gameplay, and it is important for players to be familiar with the differences between outdoor and indoor basketballs in order to choose the right ball for the type of play they will be engaging in.

Differences in Material and Construction

Basketballs used in outdoor and indoor games have different materials and constructions, which can affect their performance. The materials used in the construction of outdoor and indoor basketballs differ due to the differences in the playing conditions.

Outdoor Basketballs

Outdoor basketballs are typically made of rubber or a synthetic material, such as polyurethane. These materials are chosen for their durability and ability to withstand the elements. Outdoor basketballs also have a composite leather cover that is designed to be more resistant to the abrasive surfaces of outdoor courts.

Indoor Basketballs

Indoor basketballs are typically made of a synthetic material, such as polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These materials are chosen for their grip and their ability to maintain their shape and form when subjected to the forces of indoor play. Indoor basketballs also have a smooth leather cover that is designed to reduce friction and provide a smoother ride.

The differences in material and construction between outdoor and indoor basketballs can have a significant impact on their performance. For example, outdoor basketballs are designed to be more durable and resistant to the elements, while indoor basketballs are designed to provide a smoother ride and better grip. These differences can affect the way the ball handles, bounces, and moves through the air, making it important for players to be aware of the differences between the two types of balls.

Adapting to Indoor Court Surfaces

Key takeaway: The type of basketball used can have a significant impact on gameplay, with outdoor and indoor basketballs differing in terms of their composition, size, and weight. Players should be familiar with these differences to choose the right ball for the type of play they will be engaging in. Understanding grip and traction, as well as adjusting shooting technique, can help players make a successful transition from outdoor to indoor basketball. Additionally, choosing the right indoor basketball based on factors such as surface, playing style, and competition level can also help optimize performance.

Understanding Grip and Traction

Indoor basketball courts are typically made of a smooth surface, such as wood or synthetic materials, which can be quite different from the outdoor surfaces that players are used to. Understanding the grip and traction of indoor court surfaces is crucial for players to adapt to the different playing conditions and avoid slips and falls.

Here are some factors to consider when it comes to grip and traction on indoor court surfaces:

  • Shoes: The type of shoes you wear can have a significant impact on your grip and traction on indoor court surfaces. For example, shoes with a soft and flexible sole may not provide enough support on slippery surfaces, while shoes with a hard and rigid sole may not allow for enough movement and flexibility. It’s important to choose shoes that are suitable for indoor court surfaces and provide adequate support and grip.
  • Court surface: Different indoor court surfaces can have varying levels of grip and traction. For example, a wooden court may be more slippery than a synthetic court, and a court with a fresh wax coating may be more slippery than a court that has worn off. It’s important to familiarize yourself with the court surface you’ll be playing on and adjust your playing style accordingly.
  • Body positioning: Your body positioning can also affect your grip and traction on indoor court surfaces. For example, keeping your feet shoulder-width apart can help you maintain balance and stability, while crouching or squatting can make it easier to move quickly and change direction. It’s important to find a comfortable and effective body position that allows you to maintain your balance and control on the court.
  • Footwork: Your footwork is also crucial for maintaining grip and traction on indoor court surfaces. For example, taking small and quick steps can help you stay light on your feet and maintain balance, while taking large and heavy steps can make it harder to change direction and maintain control. It’s important to practice your footwork and develop a smooth and efficient running style that allows you to move quickly and confidently on the court.

Overall, understanding grip and traction on indoor court surfaces is essential for players to adapt to the different playing conditions and perform at their best. By choosing suitable shoes, familiarizing yourself with the court surface, finding an effective body position, and practicing your footwork, you can improve your grip and traction and enjoy a safer and more confident game on indoor court surfaces.

Factors Affecting Shooting Accuracy

  • Surface Texture: The texture of indoor basketball courts, which are typically made of smooth wood or synthetic materials, can impact shooting accuracy. Players may need to adjust their shot mechanics to account for the difference in surface friction compared to outdoor courts, which are often more rugged and uneven.
  • Court Dimensions: Indoor courts are typically smaller than outdoor courts, which can lead to different shooting angles and distances. Players may need to adjust their shot selection and aiming points to compensate for the differences in court size.
  • Lighting Conditions: Indoor courts are usually well-lit, while outdoor courts can vary significantly in terms of lighting conditions. This can affect a player’s ability to see the basket and track the ball during flight, potentially impacting shooting accuracy.
  • Court Design: The design of indoor courts, including the placement of obstacles like rims and backboards, can also affect shooting accuracy. Players may need to adjust their aim and footwork to account for these differences compared to outdoor courts.
  • Air Pressure and Temperature: Indoor courts are typically maintained at a specific air pressure and temperature, which can affect the ball’s behavior during flight. Players may need to adjust their shot mechanics to account for these differences compared to outdoor courts, where environmental factors like humidity and wind can also play a role.

Making the Transition: Tips for Playing Indoors with Outdoor Basketballs

Maintaining Grip and Control

While outdoor basketballs are designed for optimal performance on different surfaces, transitioning to indoor play requires some adjustments. Maintaining grip and control is crucial to prevent slips and mishits, especially on slippery floors. Here are some tips to help you adapt to indoor basketball:

  1. Adjust your grip: Indoor basketballs require a firmer grip due to the faster pace of the game. Practice squeezing the ball with your fingers, using the pad of your thumb, and keeping your palm dry to ensure a secure hold.
  2. Wear appropriate shoes: Wearing the right shoes can help you maintain traction on the court. Opt for non-marking, rubber-soled shoes with a good grip on the soles to prevent slips and falls.
  3. Sweat management: Sweat can affect your grip on the ball, so it’s essential to manage it during indoor games. Use a sweatband or wipe down your hands regularly to maintain a firm grip on the ball.
  4. Use chalk: Applying chalk to your hands can help you maintain a better grip on the ball, especially when your hands are sweaty. However, be cautious not to overuse it, as it can leave residue on the court.
  5. Warm-up and stretch: Properly warming up and stretching before playing indoors can help improve your hand-eye coordination and overall control over the ball.
  6. Practice indoor techniques: As you transition to indoor basketball, focus on developing skills specific to indoor play, such as driving to the basket, passing in tight spaces, and shooting on controlled trajectories.

By following these tips, you can improve your grip and control while playing indoors with outdoor basketballs, ensuring a smoother transition and enhancing your overall performance.

Adjusting to Surface Speeds

Indoor basketball courts have a faster surface than outdoor courts, which can make a significant difference in how the ball moves. The key to adjusting to the surface speeds is to understand the differences and make the necessary adjustments to your game.

One of the most significant differences between outdoor and indoor basketball courts is the surface friction. Indoor courts have a smoother surface, which means the ball moves faster and with less friction. This means that players need to adjust their shot mechanics and the way they move on the court.

One way to adjust to the surface speeds is to use a lighter basketball. Outdoor basketballs are typically heavier than indoor basketballs, which can make it harder to control the ball on the faster indoor surface. Using a lighter basketball can help players maintain better control and adjust to the faster surface speeds.

Another way to adjust to the surface speeds is to focus on your footwork. The smoother surface of indoor courts can make it easier to change direction quickly, but it also means that players need to be more careful about their footwork to avoid slipping or tripping. Players should focus on keeping their feet underneath them and using quick, explosive movements to get around the court.

Finally, players should adjust their shot mechanics to account for the faster surface speeds. Indoor courts require players to shoot with a higher arc to account for the smoother surface, and players should also focus on using a softer touch to ensure that the ball goes in the basket.

By adjusting to the surface speeds, players can make a successful transition from outdoor to indoor basketball and improve their performance on the court.

Adapting Your Shooting Technique

Playing indoor basketball with an outdoor basketball can be challenging, especially when it comes to shooting. The different surface and size of the ball can affect your shot, so it’s important to adapt your technique to perform well in indoor settings. Here are some tips to help you adjust your shooting technique when playing indoors with an outdoor basketball:

  1. Adjust Your Grip

One of the most significant differences between outdoor and indoor basketballs is the texture. Outdoor basketballs have a smoother surface, while indoor basketballs have a tacky texture. To adapt your shooting technique, you may need to adjust your grip on the ball. You may find that you need to hold the ball tighter or looser depending on the surface you’re playing on.

  1. Change Your Release Point

The bounce of an outdoor basketball is generally higher than an indoor basketball, so you may need to adjust your release point to get the same height on your shot. Experiment with releasing the ball at different points in your shooting motion to find the optimal release point for indoor play.

  1. Modify Your Follow-Through

Your follow-through is an essential part of your shooting technique, and it can also be affected by the surface you’re playing on. You may need to modify your follow-through to ensure that you’re getting the most out of your shot. This could mean adjusting the height or angle of your follow-through, or simply extending your arm for a few extra seconds to ensure that the ball goes in the basket.

  1. Practice, Practice, Practice

Finally, the key to adapting your shooting technique to indoor play is practice. The more you play with an outdoor basketball in an indoor setting, the more you’ll get a feel for the ball’s texture and bounce. Take some time to practice your shooting technique in different situations, such as shooting off the dribble or shooting from different spots on the court. The more you practice, the more comfortable you’ll become with your new shooting technique.

The Best Indoor Basketballs for Optimal Performance

Top Brands and Models for Indoor Play

When it comes to indoor basketball, there are several top brands and models that can provide optimal performance. Some of the most popular brands include:

  • Spalding
  • Wilson
  • Molten
  • Nike
  • Adidas

Each of these brands offers a range of models that cater to different levels of play and preferences. For example, Spalding offers the Official NBA Game Ball, which is the same ball used in professional NBA games. Wilson offers the Buckets 100, a popular ball for recreational play, and the Zi/O, a ball designed for indoor court surfaces.

Molten offers the GL7, a ball specifically designed for indoor play, and the TF100, a ball used in international competitions. Nike offers the Alpha-Dunks, a ball designed for players who want a softer feel, and the Hyperdunk, a ball used by many elite players.

Adidas offers the Adidas Performance, a ball designed for indoor play, and the Adidas Outdoor, a ball designed for outdoor play. These are just a few examples of the top brands and models available for indoor basketball. When choosing a basketball, it’s important to consider factors such as the ball’s composition, size, and surface texture to ensure optimal performance.

Factors to Consider When Choosing an Indoor Basketball

When selecting an indoor basketball, it is crucial to consider several factors that can affect performance and durability. Here are some key factors to keep in mind:

  • Composition: The material used to make the basketball can have a significant impact on its performance. For example, some indoor basketballs are made from synthetic leather, while others are made from genuine leather. Each material has its own unique properties, such as durability, grip, and feel.
  • Size: The size of the basketball can also affect performance. In general, women’s basketballs are smaller than men’s basketballs, but some players may prefer a smaller or larger ball depending on their personal preference and playing style.
  • Weight: The weight of the basketball can also impact performance. Some players prefer a heavier ball, while others prefer a lighter one. A heavier ball can provide more stability and control, while a lighter ball can offer more speed and maneuverability.
  • Air Pressure: The air pressure of the basketball can also affect its performance. The ideal air pressure for an indoor basketball is typically between 7.5 and 15.6 pounds per square inch (psi). If the ball is overinflated or underinflated, it can affect its grip, handling, and bounce.
  • Grip: A good grip is essential for optimal performance, and the design of the basketball can impact its grip. Some basketballs have a smoother surface, while others have a more textured surface. Players should experiment with different types of basketballs to find the one that provides the best grip for their playing style.
  • Price: The price of the basketball can also be a factor to consider. Higher-priced basketballs are typically made from higher-quality materials and may offer better performance, but they may not be necessary for all players. It is important to find a balance between performance and affordability.

Making the Right Choice for Your Game

When it comes to indoor basketball, selecting the right ball for your game is crucial to ensuring optimal performance. There are several factors to consider when making this decision, including the type of surface you’ll be playing on, your personal playing style, and the level of competition you’ll be facing.

Here are some tips to help you make the right choice for your game:

  • Surface: The type of surface you’ll be playing on will affect the type of basketball you should use. For example, if you’re playing on a smooth, indoor court, you’ll want a ball that has a soft, synthetic leather cover to provide good grip and control. If you’re playing on a rougher outdoor court, you may want to opt for a ball with a more durable cover to withstand the abrasive surface.
  • Playing Style: Your personal playing style will also play a role in determining the best basketball for you. If you prefer a slower, more controlled game, you may want to opt for a ball with a softer cover that provides better grip and control. If you prefer a faster, more aggressive game, you may want to opt for a ball with a harder cover that provides better bounce and distance.
  • Competition: The level of competition you’ll be facing will also impact your choice of basketball. If you’re playing in a casual game with friends, you may not need to worry as much about the type of ball you use. However, if you’re playing in a competitive league or tournament, you’ll want to make sure you have a ball that meets the official rules and regulations of the game.

Ultimately, the best way to determine the right basketball for your game is to try out a few different options and see which one feels the best to you. Take some time to dribble, shoot, and pass with each ball to get a sense of its feel and performance. And don’t be afraid to ask for advice from more experienced players or coaches who can offer their insights and recommendations.

Outdoor Basketballs for Indoor Surfaces: A Compromise Solution

When Outdoor Basketballs Work for Indoor Play

Outdoor basketballs, also known as streetballs, are designed to withstand the rough terrain and varying weather conditions of outdoor play. While they are not ideal for indoor play, there are situations where using an outdoor basketball on an indoor surface can be advantageous. Here are some instances where outdoor basketballs can work for indoor play:

  • In recreational settings, the use of outdoor basketballs is acceptable and often preferred by players who are not as skilled or competitive. These players may not notice a significant difference in performance between outdoor and indoor basketballs, and using an outdoor basketball can make the game more enjoyable for them.
  • In informal pick-up games, the use of outdoor basketballs is common. Since these games are not governed by official rules, players may choose to use whatever basketball they have available, including outdoor basketballs.
  • In some cases, using an outdoor basketball on an indoor surface can actually improve the game. For example, if the indoor court is not well-maintained or has a rough surface, an outdoor basketball may provide better grip and control for players. Additionally, if the indoor court is smaller than a regulation outdoor court, an outdoor basketball may be easier to handle and control on the smaller surface.

However, it is important to note that using an outdoor basketball on an indoor surface can also have disadvantages. Outdoor basketballs are typically heavier and less responsive than indoor basketballs, which can affect the performance of players who are used to playing with indoor balls. Additionally, outdoor basketballs may not bounce as well on indoor surfaces, which can lead to a less enjoyable and less competitive game.

Choosing the Right Outdoor Basketball for Indoor Courts

When it comes to playing basketball indoors, using an outdoor basketball may not be the best choice. While outdoor basketballs are designed to withstand various weather conditions and surface types, they are not ideal for indoor play. The soft and grippy surface of an outdoor basketball can cause it to slide excessively on a smooth indoor surface, making it difficult to control and shoot accurately.

That being said, there are some outdoor basketballs that are designed to perform well on indoor surfaces. These basketballs have a slightly firmer surface than traditional outdoor basketballs, which helps them to maintain their shape and control on slick floors. Additionally, they may have a more consistent grip pattern, which can help players maintain control in various shooting and passing situations.

When choosing an outdoor basketball for indoor play, it’s important to consider a few key factors. First, look for a basketball with a firm but grippy surface that will provide good control on slick floors. Second, consider the size and weight of the basketball. Indoor basketballs are typically smaller and lighter than outdoor basketballs, so it’s important to choose a basketball that feels comfortable and easy to handle. Finally, consider the price and durability of the basketball. While some outdoor basketballs may be more expensive than their indoor counterparts, they may also be more durable and long-lasting.

In summary, when choosing an outdoor basketball for indoor play, it’s important to consider factors such as surface grip, size and weight, and price and durability. By taking these factors into account, players can find an outdoor basketball that performs well on indoor surfaces and provides a fun and enjoyable playing experience.

Pros and Cons of Using Outdoor Basketballs Indoors

When considering the use of outdoor basketballs on indoor surfaces, it is important to weigh the pros and cons of this compromise solution. Here are some factors to consider:

  • Pros:
    • Cost-effective: Outdoor basketballs are generally less expensive than their indoor counterparts, making them a more budget-friendly option for those who cannot afford the higher price tag of indoor basketballs.
    • Durability: Outdoor basketballs are designed to withstand the rigors of outdoor play, which means they are likely to last longer than indoor basketballs when used on indoor surfaces.
    • Familiarity: For players who are used to playing with outdoor basketballs, using them on indoor surfaces may feel more familiar and comfortable, reducing the learning curve associated with transitioning to a new type of ball.
  • Cons:
    • Different feel: Outdoor basketballs have a slightly different feel and texture compared to indoor basketballs, which can affect the player’s performance and accuracy.
    • Reduced grip: The smooth surface of outdoor basketballs can make it difficult to maintain a secure grip on the ball, especially when playing on slippery indoor surfaces.
    • Increased bounce: Indoor surfaces are typically smoother and less textured than outdoor surfaces, which can cause outdoor basketballs to bounce higher and more unpredictably, making it more challenging to control the ball.

Overall, the decision to use outdoor basketballs on indoor surfaces will depend on individual preferences and circumstances. While there are some advantages to using outdoor basketballs indoors, it is important to weigh these against the potential drawbacks before making a final decision.

Finding the Right Basketball for Your Needs

When it comes to playing basketball, it’s important to have the right equipment for the job. For players who primarily play indoors, using an outdoor basketball may not be the best choice. Outdoor basketballs are designed to be more durable and withstand the elements, but they may not have the same performance characteristics as an indoor basketball. However, for players who need to transition between indoor and outdoor courts, using an outdoor basketball can be a compromise solution. Here are some tips for finding the right basketball for your needs:

  1. Consider the Surface: If you’re playing on an indoor court, it’s important to use an indoor basketball. These balls are designed to have a smoother surface that provides better grip on slick court surfaces. Outdoor basketballs, on the other hand, have a rougher surface that provides better grip on outdoor surfaces. If you’re playing on an indoor court, an outdoor basketball may not provide the same level of control and grip.
  2. Look for a Ball with Good Grip: Even if you’re using an indoor basketball, it’s important to make sure that the ball has a good grip. A ball with a good grip will provide better control and allow you to make more accurate shots. Look for a ball with a textured surface or one that is designed specifically for indoor play.
  3. Choose the Right Size: Basketballs come in different sizes, and it’s important to choose the right size for your needs. Most basketballs are either 29.5 inches or 28.5 inches in circumference. If you’re playing in a recreational league or for fun, a 29.5-inch ball may be a good choice. If you’re playing at a more competitive level, a 28.5-inch ball may be a better choice.
  4. Consider Your Budget: Basketballs can range in price from $10 to $50 or more. While it’s important to have a good ball, you don’t need to spend a fortune to get a good one. Look for a ball that fits your needs and budget.
  5. Try Before You Buy: Finally, it’s important to try out the ball before you buy it. Different brands and models can have different performance characteristics, so it’s important to find a ball that feels right in your hands. Look for a store that allows you to test out the ball before purchasing it.

The Importance of Practice and Skill Development

Indoor basketball courts offer a more controlled environment compared to outdoor courts. This is due to the consistent playing surface, climate, and lighting conditions. As a result, indoor basketball players are often able to perform at a higher level due to these ideal conditions.

However, this does not mean that outdoor basketball players are at a disadvantage. In fact, many top basketball players have honed their skills on outdoor courts. This is because outdoor basketball requires players to adapt to various environmental factors, such as wind, uneven surfaces, and changing weather conditions. These factors can make it more challenging to shoot, dribble, and pass accurately.

Therefore, outdoor basketball can actually enhance players’ overall skill development. Players who master the art of playing on outdoor courts can improve their ball-handling skills, footwork, and overall agility. Additionally, outdoor basketball can help players develop mental toughness and resilience, as they must constantly adapt to changing environmental conditions.

It is important to note that practice and skill development are crucial for success in both indoor and outdoor basketball. Regular training and repetition of skills can help players improve their technique and become more confident on the court. Whether players choose to practice on outdoor or indoor courts, it is essential to prioritize skill development in order to achieve success in the sport.

Staying Within Your Budget While Maintaining Performance

When transitioning from outdoor to indoor basketball, it’s essential to find a compromise solution that doesn’t break the bank while still maintaining performance. Here are some tips to help you stay within your budget while ensuring you have a quality basketball for indoor play:

  1. Consider Used or Refurbished Basketballs: One way to save money on a basketball is to consider used or refurbished options. These basketballs may have seen some wear and tear, but they are still functional and can provide a great playing experience. Be sure to inspect the ball before purchasing to ensure it meets your standards.
  2. Look for Sales and Discounts: Keep an eye out for sales and discounts on basketballs. Many retailers offer promotions throughout the year, and you can take advantage of these deals to save money on a quality basketball.
  3. Consider a Lower-Priced Basketball Brand: While some of the top basketball brands can be expensive, there are many lower-priced brands that still offer quality products. Do some research to find a brand that fits your budget while still providing a good playing experience.
  4. Practice Good Maintenance: Proper maintenance can help extend the life of your basketball and save you money in the long run. Make sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for inflating and caring for your basketball, and replace it when necessary to ensure optimal performance.

By following these tips, you can stay within your budget while still finding a quality basketball for indoor play.

FAQs

1. Can I use an outdoor basketball for indoor play?

Yes, you can use an outdoor basketball for indoor play, but there are some differences in performance between the two types of balls. Outdoor basketballs are typically made with a more durable cover and are designed to withstand the elements, such as rain and snow. They also have a slightly different weight and size compared to indoor basketballs. While you can use an outdoor basketball for indoor play, it may not perform as well as a ball designed specifically for indoor use.

2. What are the differences between outdoor and indoor basketballs?

Outdoor basketballs are typically made with a more durable cover and are designed to withstand the elements, such as rain and snow. They also have a slightly different weight and size compared to indoor basketballs. Indoor basketballs, on the other hand, are designed for use on a smooth, indoor surface and have a more delicate cover that is prone to scuffing and damage. Indoor basketballs also have a slightly different weight and size compared to outdoor basketballs.

3. Will an indoor basketball work outdoors?

An indoor basketball can be used outdoors, but it may not perform as well as an outdoor basketball. Indoor basketballs are designed for use on a smooth, indoor surface and may not be able to withstand the rough and tumble of outdoor play. They may also be more prone to damage from exposure to the elements. If you plan to play basketball outdoors, it’s best to use an outdoor basketball.

4. How can I tell the difference between outdoor and indoor basketballs?

Outdoor basketballs and indoor basketballs are typically designed differently, so there are some key differences that you can look for to tell them apart. Outdoor basketballs are typically made with a more durable cover and have a slightly different weight and size compared to indoor basketballs. Indoor basketballs, on the other hand, are designed for use on a smooth, indoor surface and have a more delicate cover that is prone to scuffing and damage.

5. What are the benefits of using an outdoor basketball for indoor play?

There are a few benefits to using an outdoor basketball for indoor play. For one, outdoor basketballs are typically made with a more durable cover, so they may be able to withstand more wear and tear than an indoor basketball. They also have a slightly different weight and size, which can affect the way the ball handles and bounces. However, it’s important to note that outdoor basketballs may not perform as well as indoor basketballs on a smooth, indoor surface.

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